We examined the relationship between plasma omega-3 levels and heart failure (HF), focusing on how this affects mortality in patients with existing HF. Our analysis of the UK Biobank, which included nearly 272,000 participants without HF, showed that higher omega-3 levels were linked to a 21% lower risk of developing HF over nearly 14 years.
For those already diagnosed with HF, higher omega-3 levels significantly reduced the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality by around 50%. These findings suggest that boosting omega-3 intake could be beneficial for heart health.
Read More
8
EPA lowers heart rhythm problems
Eicosapentaenoic acid prevents atrial electrocardiographic impairments and atrial fibrillation in high fat diet mice.
We investigated how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) affects heart rhythm, particularly in the context of high-fat diets. In our study, mice were divided into two groups: one received a high-fat diet, while the other’s diet was supplemented with EPA for eight weeks.
We observed that the mice on a high-fat diet experienced severe heart rhythm issues, such as bradycardia and atrial fibrillation (AF). In contrast, the EPA group showed significantly less AF and better heart function. These results suggest that including EPA in the diet could be a promising strategy to support heart health and reduce the risk of arrhythmias.
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9
High-dose omega-3 improves heart function
The Optimal Dosage and Duration of ω-3 PUFA Supplementation in Heart Failure Management: Evidence from a Network Meta-Analysis.
We explored how omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can help manage heart failure by analyzing 14 randomized controlled trials involving over 9,000 participants.
Our findings revealed that high doses—between 2000 and 4000 mg daily—taken for at least a year, remarkably improved heart function.
However, lower doses or shorter treatment periods didn’t show the same benefits. Notably, there were no increased risks of adverse events or dropout rates in those taking omega-3 compared to control groups.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
Improved immunity
33 people found this helpful
I've been taking this supplement for over a month and noticed improved health, increased immunity, and fewer headaches. My skin is better in terms of elasticity and reduces wrinkles. The bonus small package is great for convenience.
Read More
9
Excellent quality
30 people found this helpful
This Omega is superb! The quality is outstanding, and one jar suffices for three months. After a year of taking it, my skin glows, and I've noted a significant boost in immunity, almost stopping illness altogether. I recommend it wholeheartedly.
Read More
9
Helps protect heart
8 people found this helpful
I absolutely love this Omega! While the pills are large, they contain significant EPA and DHA. I've also started taking probiotics, which enhance the effects of fish oil. This product is top quality, with a pleasant lemon flavour.
We analyzed the impact of different fatty acid-derived acylcarnitines on heart health. The study found that saturated and monounsaturated acylcarnitines, especially trans-elaidoylcarnitine, significantly impaired heart function and mitochondrial activity, leading to cardiotoxicity.
In contrast, omega-3-derived acylcarnitines, like eicosapentaenoylcarnitine and docosahexaenoylcarnitine, were found to be safe, having little to no negative effect on heart function and cell viability. Overall, this research suggests that omega-3 fatty acids may be a safer option for those facing cardiac challenges.
Read More
9
High-dose omega-3 improves heart function
The Optimal Dosage and Duration of ω-3 PUFA Supplementation in Heart Failure Management: Evidence from a Network Meta-Analysis.
We explored how omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can help manage heart failure by analyzing 14 randomized controlled trials involving over 9,000 participants.
Our findings revealed that high doses—between 2000 and 4000 mg daily—taken for at least a year, remarkably improved heart function.
However, lower doses or shorter treatment periods didn’t show the same benefits. Notably, there were no increased risks of adverse events or dropout rates in those taking omega-3 compared to control groups.
Read More
9
Omega-3 reduces heart disease risk
Association of Plasma Omega-3 Levels With Incident Heart Failure and Related Mortalities.
We examined the relationship between plasma omega-3 levels and heart failure (HF), focusing on how this affects mortality in patients with existing HF. Our analysis of the UK Biobank, which included nearly 272,000 participants without HF, showed that higher omega-3 levels were linked to a 21% lower risk of developing HF over nearly 14 years.
For those already diagnosed with HF, higher omega-3 levels significantly reduced the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality by around 50%. These findings suggest that boosting omega-3 intake could be beneficial for heart health.
Read More
9
Omega-3 benefits African Americans’ heart health
Optimal Pair Matching Combined with Machine Learning Predicts a Significant Reduction in Myocardial Infarction Risk in African Americans Following Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation.
We observed that the role of omega-3 fatty acids in heart health showed promising results specifically for African Americans. By comparing matched groups from the VITAL trial, we found that omega-3 supplementation significantly reduced the risk of myocardial infarction in African Americans, while no such benefit was seen in non-Hispanic whites.
This suggests that genetic or lifestyle factors may influence the effectiveness of these supplements. Our findings highlight the importance of further research to better understand how race affects responses to omega-3 supplementation.
Read More
9
Omega-3 lowers coronary risk
A Bayesian Analysis of the VITAL Trial: Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Cardiovascular Events.
We explored the impact of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a type of omega-3 fatty acid, on heart disease through a significant study known as the VITAL trial. This study involved nearly 26,000 older adults in the U.S. and aimed to determine the effects of daily EPA supplementation on cardiovascular events over an average follow-up of 5.3 years.
Initially, the results from VITAL seemed to show that omega-3 supplementation had no significant effect on major cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. However, by applying Bayesian methods and considering prior research in the field, we observed a more nuanced outcome. Our analysis suggested that taking EPA regularly could significantly reduce the risk of coronary heart disease events, while not showing similar benefits for stroke.
This finding supports the use of omega-3 fatty acids as a preventive measure for heart health, especially regarding coronary events. Although we didn't find evidence of a benefit for all types of cardiovascular events, the enhanced understanding gained from this reanalysis contributes valuable insights for both clinicians and patients considering omega-3 supplementation for heart disease prevention.
I've been taking this supplement for over a month and noticed improved health, increased immunity, and fewer headaches. My skin is better in terms of elasticity and reduces wrinkles. The bonus small package is great for convenience.
Read More
9
Excellent quality
30 people found this helpful
This Omega is superb! The quality is outstanding, and one jar suffices for three months. After a year of taking it, my skin glows, and I've noted a significant boost in immunity, almost stopping illness altogether. I recommend it wholeheartedly.
Read More
9
Helps protect heart
8 people found this helpful
I absolutely love this Omega! While the pills are large, they contain significant EPA and DHA. I've also started taking probiotics, which enhance the effects of fish oil. This product is top quality, with a pleasant lemon flavour.
Read More
9
Hormone balance
5 people found this helpful
Quality manufacturer! I take this Omega for its optimal EPA and DHA content, which are crucial for heart health and reducing the risk of heart disease. Additionally, I've noticed improvements in my hair, skin, and overall wellbeing. This Omega brand, recommended by E. Kornilova, gives me confidence in its quality.
Read More
9
Immune boost
5 people found this helpful
I've used four large cans so far, and I've noticed a significant boost in my immunity, with no diseases or high fevers. My concentration has improved, and this product is fantastic for hair, skin, and nails. The taste is light and pleasant—ideal for the whole family.
Heart disease refers to a range of conditions that affect the heart's function and overall health. This umbrella term includes various cardiovascular issues such as coronary artery disease, which is caused by the buildup of plaque in the arteries; heart rhythm problems (arrhythmias); and heart defects present at birth (congenital heart defects). Additionally, heart disease encompasses conditions related to the heart muscle, such as cardiomyopathy, and the heart's valves, which might not open or close properly. The effects of heart disease can be significant, impacting not only physical health but also quality of life, making prevention and timely medical intervention crucial.
Several risk factors contribute to the development of heart disease, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, diabetes, obesity, poor diet, physical inactivity, and smoking. Genetics also play a role, as heart disease can run in families. To mitigate the risks, healthcare professionals typically recommend lifestyle changes such as adopting a heart-healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and avoiding tobacco use. For those already diagnosed with heart disease, treatment options can vary widely, ranging from lifestyle modifications to medications and, in severe cases, surgical interventions. Understanding the nature of heart disease and its risk factors is an essential step toward prevention and effective management.
Omega-3 fish oil is a nutritional supplement derived from the fatty tissues of fish, particularly fatty fish like salmon, mackerel, and sardines. It is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential fats that the body cannot produce on its own. The most significant types of omega-3s found in fish oil are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), both of which are known for their numerous health benefits. These include reducing inflammation, supporting heart health, and promoting brain function.
Incorporating omega-3 fish oil into your diet can be beneficial if you don’t consume enough fish regularly. Many health experts recommend oily fish as a part of a balanced diet due to their high omega-3 content. For those who find it difficult to include fish in their meals, fish oil supplements can offer a convenient alternative, providing the same essential fatty acids in concentrated form. However, it’s essential to choose high-quality supplements that are third-party tested for purity and potency to avoid contaminants such as heavy metals or other toxins that can impact health.
Omega-3 fish oil has long been touted for its potential heart health benefits, and there is a growing body of research that supports its positive role in cardiovascular health. Omega-3 fatty acids—primarily EPA and DHA, found in fish oil—are known to help reduce inflammation, lower triglyceride levels, and may improve arterial function. Studies suggest that regular consumption of omega-3s can lead to a modest reduction in the risk of heart disease, particularly for those with existing cardiovascular conditions or elevated risk factors.
However, it's essential to note that while omega-3 fish oil can be beneficial, it should not be seen as a standalone treatment for heart disease. It's most effective when used in conjunction with a heart-healthy lifestyle, which includes a balanced diet, regular exercise, and other preventative measures. As always, it's recommended to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen, especially for individuals with existing health issues or those on medication. Keep in mind that the effectiveness can vary from person to person, depending on individual health profiles and dietary needs.
Based on user reviews, the time frame for noticing results from taking omega-3 supplements for heart disease can vary considerably, with many users reporting improvements in as little as a month. For instance, one reviewer mentioned experiencing an improvement in mood and health within just a month of starting the supplement Read Review. Another user experienced better overall health and boosted immunity after using the product for over a month Read Review.
Long-term users have also shared their experiences, noting significant health improvements over extended periods. For example, one individual reported a substantial boost in immunity and overall wellbeing after using the supplement for over a year Read Review. As many users emphasize the importance of consistent intake for best results, it's evident that while some effects can be seen quickly, ongoing use may yield even more pronounced benefits for heart health.
Recent scientific research supports the use of omega-3 fatty acid supplements, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), for reducing heart disease risk. A notable study indicated that incorporating omega-3s into diets significantly lowers the risk of developing coronary heart disease, suggesting that higher omega-3 levels correlate with better heart health outcomes and reduced cardiovascular mortality [27]. Furthermore, research in both diabetic and non-diabetic populations has demonstrated that regular fish oil supplementation can lower the occurrence of macrovascular and microvascular complications associated with heart disease [33].
Additionally, the REDUCE-IT trial highlighted that icosapent ethyl (a formulation of EPA) led to a significant reduction in cardiovascular events among high-risk patients, regardless of baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels [5]. Moreover, a comprehensive meta-analysis revealed that high doses of omega-3 supplements over a lengthier duration can substantially improve heart function in those with existing issues [6]. However, while these promising findings advocate for the incorporation of omega-3s into heart disease management strategies, it's essential to consider individual health conditions and consult healthcare providers before beginning supplementation.
Users have reported a range of improvements in their symptoms after taking omega-3 supplements, particularly relating to immune function, skin health, and overall well-being. For instance, one reviewer noted fewer headaches and improved skin elasticity after just a month of use Read Review. Long-term users have expressed even more significant benefits, with one mentioning a complete halt in illnesses during the cold season after a year of supplementation Read Review. Others echoed similar sentiments, reporting glowing skin and enhanced immunity as notable enhancements Read Review.
Additionally, users have frequently highlighted positive effects on heart health and cholesterol levels. One user specifically noted that the supplement aided in managing cholesterol effectively while also providing numerous other health benefits, such as improvements in joint health and cognitive function Read Review. Another remarked on its effectiveness in boosting heart health and lowering inflammation Read Review. While individual results can vary, these anecdotal experiences suggest that omega-3 supplements may offer a range of benefits for various aspects of health.
Users have reported positive experiences when combining omega-3 supplements with other dietary supplements for managing heart disease. For example, one user mentioned taking probiotics alongside their fish oil, which they found enhanced the benefits of the omega-3s Read Review. Additionally, several reviewers highlighted the effectiveness of omega-3 in supporting heart health and lowering cholesterol, which makes its combination with other supplements beneficial Read Review. Combining these supplements seems to reinforce their respective health benefits, particularly concerning heart disease prevention.
Several users specifically noted that the omega-3 capsules are integral to their daily health routines, recommending their use alongside other supplements without experiencing adverse effects. Consistency in taking the omega-3s, especially with fatty foods for improved absorption, has been frequently emphasized as key for enhancing heart health Read Review. Overall, while individual responses may vary, the anecdotal evidence suggests that many consumers find combining omega-3 with additional supplements yields synergistic health benefits.
According to recent research, the optimal dosage of Omega-3 fish oil for treating heart disease is between 2000 to 4000 mg daily. A comprehensive review of 14 randomized controlled trials, which involved over 9,000 participants, demonstrated that these high doses can significantly improve heart function when taken for a duration of at least one year. Notably, the study found no increased risks of adverse events among participants taking omega-3 compared to control groups, reinforcing the potential benefits of long-term supplementation [6].
Moreover, specific formulations like icosapent ethyl, a type of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), have shown promise in reducing cardiovascular events among patients at high risk. This was particularly notable in statin-treated individuals with elevated triglycerides, who experienced significant cardiovascular benefits regardless of their baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels [5]. Therefore, incorporating high doses of omega-3 fatty acids into heart treatment plans could be a beneficial strategy, especially when combined with regular health monitoring and consultation with healthcare providers.
9
Mood improvement
3 people found this helpful
I rarely consume seafood, so I opted for Omega 3. After thorough research, I chose Carlson Labs fish oil, known for its purity. In just a month, I've seen improvements in my mood and overall health. I highly recommend this product for its price and quality—just ensure you can swallow the capsules!
9
Improved immunity
33 people found this helpful
I've been taking this supplement for over a month and noticed improved health, increased immunity, and fewer headaches. My skin is better in terms of elasticity and reduces wrinkles. The bonus small package is great for convenience.
9
Excellent quality
30 people found this helpful
This Omega is superb! The quality is outstanding, and one jar suffices for three months. After a year of taking it, my skin glows, and I've noted a significant boost in immunity, almost stopping illness altogether. I recommend it wholeheartedly.
9
Cold prevention
3 people found this helpful
I've been using Omega since September 2018 and am thrilled with the results. My energy levels have improved, and I've remained healthy throughout the cold season, with no illnesses. My child also takes the liquid form, which enhances immunity.
9
Enhances heart function
Carlson Wild Norwegian Elite Omega-3 Gems is excellent. I've found it significantly improved my health, aiding heart disease, joint support, and cognitive function. The softgels are easy to take and pleasant with a lemon flavour, making them a great addition to my daily routine.
7.5
Inflammation support
4 people found this helpful
The quality and ingredients of this fish oil are exceptional. I regularly purchase this Omega, and it supports heart health while effectively treating inflammation. Our entire family benefits from its positive effects, and I ordered again for my large family.
9
Helps protect heart
8 people found this helpful
I absolutely love this Omega! While the pills are large, they contain significant EPA and DHA. I've also started taking probiotics, which enhance the effects of fish oil. This product is top quality, with a pleasant lemon flavour.
9
Promotes heart health
Very high-quality omega product with a strong composition that benefits health. It improves heart function and lowers cholesterol while making hair shiny.
9
Replenishing Omega-3
1 people found this helpful
The best Omega! Recommendations for daily Omega-3 intake vary, but many lack sufficient EPA/DHA. Carlson Labs offers high-quality supplements that are essential for preventing heart disease. Taking them with fatty foods is advisable for proper absorption.
4
CAC progression in diabetic patients
The Effect of Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation on Coronary Artery Calcium Progression in Subjects With Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Trial.
We explored the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on the progression of coronary artery calcium (CAC) in individuals with heart disease. In a randomized trial involving 242 subjects already on statin therapy, half received daily doses of both EPA and DHA, while the other half did not receive these supplements.
Our findings indicated a notable interaction between diabetes status and the effects of these supplements. Specifically, subjects with diabetes who took EPA and DHA experienced a greater increase in CAC scores compared to those with diabetes in the control group. This suggests that for individuals with diabetes, the use of these omega-3 fatty acids might not be beneficial, as they witnessed significant progression in heart disease markers over a 30-month period.
Meanwhile, we observed no significant difference in CAC progression between the treatment and control groups among those without diabetes. This raises questions about the complex role of EPA and DHA in heart health, particularly in the context of diabetes. Further research is needed to clarify whether this CAC progression indicates worsening disease or if it reflects a stabilization of existing plaques.
9
Fish oil benefits heart health
Fish Oil, Plasma n-3 PUFAs, and Risk of Macro- and Microvascular Complications among Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes.
We explored how fish oil supplementation and higher levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a type of omega-3 fatty acid, are linked to the risks of heart disease and other complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Analyzing data from over 20,000 participants, we found that those who used fish oil regularly experienced fewer macrovascular issues, like coronary heart disease, and microvascular problems, such as diabetic retinopathy.
Specifically, the study revealed that taking fish oil led to a 10% lower risk of macrovascular complications overall. Moreover, the likelihood of heart disease decreased by about 9% for those who took fish oil when compared to those who didn't.
The positive effects were partially attributed to improvements in lipid profiles and inflammation markers. Higher concentrations of plasma DHA were particularly influential; those in the top quartile had a 32% reduced risk of heart disease. Our findings suggest that incorporating fish oil supplements and DHA into one’s diet may help protect against heart-related complications for people managing diabetes.
8
Omega-3 reduces heart disease risk
Cardiovascular Outcomes With Icosapent Ethyl by Baseline Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: A Secondary Analysis of the REDUCE-IT Randomized Trial.
We explored the effectiveness of icosapent ethyl, a form of omega-3 fish oil, in lowering heart disease rates among high-risk patients with varying cholesterol levels.
In a clinical trial with statin-treated individuals who had elevated triglycerides, it was found that those taking icosapent ethyl experienced significantly fewer cardiovascular events compared to those on a placebo.
Notably, this benefit was seen regardless of their baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, indicating positive outcomes even for patients with well-controlled cholesterol.
9
High-dose omega-3 improves heart function
The Optimal Dosage and Duration of ω-3 PUFA Supplementation in Heart Failure Management: Evidence from a Network Meta-Analysis.
We explored how omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can help manage heart failure by analyzing 14 randomized controlled trials involving over 9,000 participants.
Our findings revealed that high doses—between 2000 and 4000 mg daily—taken for at least a year, remarkably improved heart function.
However, lower doses or shorter treatment periods didn’t show the same benefits. Notably, there were no increased risks of adverse events or dropout rates in those taking omega-3 compared to control groups.
References
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Xu J, Peng T, Kong L, Wei N. A global analysis of the burden of ischemic heart disease attributable to diet low in ω-3 fatty acids between 1990 and 2021. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2025;25:188. doi:10.1186/s12872-025-04620-z
Horii K, Ono K, Sumi T, Higashihara M, Zaima N, et al. Eicosapentaenoic acid prevents atrial electrocardiographic impairments and atrial fibrillation in high fat diet mice. J Physiol Sci. 2025;75:100014. doi:10.1016/j.jphyss.2025.100014
Dawczynski C, Drobner T, Weidauer T, Schlattmann P, Kiehntopf M, et al. Reduction of cardiovascular risk factors by the diet - Evaluation of the MoKaRi concept by a parallel-designed randomized study. Lipids Health Dis. 2025;24:88. doi:10.1186/s12944-025-02500-1
Aggarwal R, Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Miller M, Brinton EA, et al. Cardiovascular Outcomes With Icosapent Ethyl by Baseline Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: A Secondary Analysis of the REDUCE-IT Randomized Trial. J Am Heart Assoc. 2025;14:e038656. doi:10.1161/JAHA.124.038656
Tseng PT, Zeng BY, Hsu CW, Liang CS, Stubbs B, et al. The Optimal Dosage and Duration of ω-3 PUFA Supplementation in Heart Failure Management: Evidence from a Network Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr. 2025;16:100366. doi:10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100366
Hemmati R, Bahrami Zanjanbar D, Shishesaz MI, Soleimani A, Yari T. The impact of Omega-3 supplementation on arrhythmia reduction in acute coronary syndrome patients: a randomized clinical trial. J Complement Integr Med. 2025;22:173. doi:10.1515/jcim-2024-0427
Wang Y, Wu G, Wang Y, Rehman A, Yu L, et al. Recent developments, challenges, and prospects of dietary omega-3 PUFA-fortified foods: Focusing on their effects on cardiovascular diseases. Food Chem. 2025;470:142498. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.142498
Jawad MA, O'Keefe JH, Tintle N, O'Keefe EL, Franco WG, et al. Association of Plasma Omega-3 Levels With Incident Heart Failure and Related Mortalities. Mayo Clin Proc. 2024;99:1895. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2024.08.007
Lee YQ, Tan KH, Chong MF. Biomarkers of PUFA and cardiovascular risk factors and events in healthy Asian populations: a systematic review. Br J Nutr. 2024;132:1474. doi:10.1017/S0007114524002708
Li J, Nan W, Huang X, Meng H, Wang S, et al. Eicosapentaenoic acid induces macrophage Mox polarization to prevent diabetic cardiomyopathy. EMBO Rep. 2024;25:5507. doi:10.1038/s44319-024-00271-x
Ryuno Y, Kobayashi JI, Fujimoto Y, Dotare T, Matsue Y, et al. Effect of an Enteral Formula Enriched With ω-3 Fatty Acids, Carnitine, and Vitamin D on Body Weight, Heart Weight, and Blood Biochemical Parameters in a Dahl Rat Heart Failure Model. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2024;84:590. doi:10.1097/FJC.0000000000001637
Sun S, Hara A, Johnstone L, Hallmark B, Watkins JC, et al. Optimal Pair Matching Combined with Machine Learning Predicts a Significant Reduction in Myocardial Infarction Risk in African Americans Following Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation. Nutrients. 2024;16. doi:10.3390/nu16172933
Ahmadi M, Askari VR, Shahri B, Mousavi Noghab SM, Jarahi L, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids effectively mitigate high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) biomarker of inflammation in acute myocardial infarction patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2025;398:881. doi:10.1007/s00210-024-03330-1
Chen HC, Tai CJ, Huang JY, Kuo TA, Huang YD, et al. Associations of fish oil with cardiovascular disease events: results from the Taiwan longitudinal study in aging. BMC Public Health. 2024;24:1979. doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19512-8
Yu Y, Gao M, Xu H. Ginger Extract and Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation: A Promising Strategy to Improve Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Physiol Res. 2024;73:351.
Hamaya R, Cook NR, Sesso HD, Buring JE, Manson JE. A Bayesian Analysis of the VITAL Trial: Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Cardiovascular Events. Am J Clin Nutr. 2025. doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.02.028
Patil T, Gregory M, Savona N, Jarmukli N, Leonard CE. Evaluating the Real-World Safety of Icosapent Ethyl Versus Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid in Nationwide US Veterans Cohort: Examining Atrial Fibrillation and Bleeding Endpoints. Clin Drug Investig. 2025;45:69. doi:10.1007/s40261-024-01417-4
Kim JY, Kong SYJ, Jung E, Cho YS. Omega-3 Fatty Acids as Potential Predictors of Sudden Cardiac Death and Cardiovascular Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med. 2024;14. doi:10.3390/jcm14010026
Capece U, Gugliandolo S, Morciano C, Avolio A, Splendore A, et al. Erythrocyte Membrane Fluidity and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake: Current Outlook and Perspectives for a Novel, Nutritionally Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factor. Nutrients. 2024;16. doi:10.3390/nu16244318
Fukuda T, Nakajima T, Hasegawa T, Amano H, Arikawa T, et al. Relationship Between Serum ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Concentration and Fatty Acid Fraction of Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease. Cureus. 2024;16:e73417. doi:10.7759/cureus.73417
O'Keefe EL, O'Keefe JH, Abuissa H, Metzinger M, Murray E, et al. Omega-3 and Risk of atrial fibrillation: Vagally-mediated double-edged sword. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2024. doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2024.11.003
Choi GY, Calder PC. The differential effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on cardiovascular risk factors: an updated systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Front Nutr. 2024;11:1423228. doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1423228
Amangurbanova M, Daher R, Asbeutah AA, Vemuri B, Mirza H, et al. Higher epicardial adipose tissue volume is associated with higher coronary fatty plaque volume and is regulated by waist circumference but not EPA+DHA supplementation. J Clin Lipidol. 2024;18:e773. doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2024.06.006
Kumakura H, Funada R, Matsuo Y, Iwasaki T, Nakashima K, et al. Eicosapentaenoic Acid Level Predicts Long-Term Survival and Cardiovascular or Limb Event in Peripheral Arterial Disease. Ann Vasc Dis. 2024;17:135. doi:10.3400/avd.oa.23-00079
Xiao Y, Chen Y, Pietzner A, Elbelt U, Fan Z, et al. Circulating Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Levels in Coronary Heart Disease: Pooled Analysis of 36 Observational Studies. Nutrients. 2024;16. doi:10.3390/nu16111610
Asbeutah AA, Daher R, Malik A, Hariri E, Alfaddagh A, et al. The Effect of Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation on Coronary Artery Calcium Progression in Subjects With Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Trial. Am J Cardiol. 2024;225:98. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2024.06.001
Sudo Y, Morimoto T, Tsushima R, Oka A, Sogo M, et al. Eicosapentaenoic Acid and the Outcomes in Older Patients Undergoing Atrial Fibrillation Ablation. J Am Heart Assoc. 2024;13:e033969. doi:10.1161/JAHA.123.033969
Miyauchi K, Iwata H, Nishizaki Y, Inoue T, Hirayama A, et al. Randomized Trial for Evaluation in Secondary Prevention Efficacy of Combination Therapy-Statin and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (RESPECT-EPA). Circulation. 2024;150:425. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.065520
Shi F, Chowdhury R, Sofianopoulou E, Koulman A, Sun L, et al. Association of circulating fatty acids with cardiovascular disease risk: analysis of individual-level data in three large prospective cohorts and updated meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2025;32:233. doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwae315
Lv L, Guo Y, Zheng Z, Li B. Blood metabolites mediate effects of breakfast skipping on heart failure via Mendelian randomization analysis. Sci Rep. 2024;14:18957. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-69874-7
Wang Y, Yang B, Wang C. The association between fatty acids and atherosclerotic diseases: A mendelian randomization study. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2024;63:447. doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.06.018
Tian S, Guo T, Qian F, Qiu Z, Lu Q, et al. Fish Oil, Plasma n-3 PUFAs, and Risk of Macro- and Microvascular Complications among Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2024. doi:10.1210/clinem/dgae482
Dinu M, Sofi F, Lotti S, Colombini B, Mattioli AV, et al. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on coronary revascularization and cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2024;31:1863. doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwae184
Braun TS, Drobner T, Kipp K, Kiehntopf M, Schlattmann P, et al. Validation of Nutritional Approaches to Modulate Cardiovascular and Diabetic Risk Factors in Patients with Hypertriglyceridemia or Prediabetes-The MoKaRi II Randomized Controlled Study. Nutrients. 2024;16. doi:10.3390/nu16091261
O'Keefe EL, O'Keefe JH, Tintle NL, Westra J, Albuisson L, et al. Circulating Docosahexaenoic Acid and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality. Mayo Clin Proc. 2024;99:534. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.11.026
Zeinalabedini M, Ladaninezhad M, Mobarakeh KA, Hoshiar-Rad A, Shekari S, et al. Association of dietary fats with ischemic heart disease (IHD): a case-control study. J Health Popul Nutr. 2024;43:19. doi:10.1186/s41043-023-00489-w
Rennemo J, Berge K, Yousaf MN, Eriksen TB, Welde E, et al. An Atypical Course of Cardiomyopathy Syndrome (CMS) in Farmed Atlantic Salmon () Fed a Clinical Nutrition Diet. Microorganisms. 2023;12. doi:10.3390/microorganisms12010026